Umshini wokuphotha umshini owenza i-fiber-forming polymer solution noma oncibilika emicu. Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokuphotha ifayibha, imishini yokuphotha ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: umshini wokuphotha omanzi, umshini wokuphotha oncibilikayo, kanye nomshini wokuphotha owomile.

Umshini wokuphotha omanzi
Ifanele ukuphotha i-viscose fibre, i-acrylic fibre, inayiloni, njll. Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi isixazululo se-polymer sikhishwa ku-spinneret futhi sihlangane sibe yi-nascent fiber kubhavu wokuhlangana. Isivinini sokuphotha siphansi, ngokuvamile sibe ngaphansi kuka-100 m/min, futhi isivinini sokuphotha esinesivinini esiphezulu singafinyelela cishe ku-200 m/min. Imishini yokuphotha emanzi ihlukaniswe yaba imicu emifushane nemicu emide.

I-PET PP PA POY FDY BCF umshini wokuphotha

①Umshini omfushane wokuphotha ifayibha: i-dope ephothayo yethulwa isuka epayipini lokujova, ilinganiswe ngokunembile yiphampu yemitha, ihlungwe ngesihlungi ku-spinneret, futhi ikhishwe imbobo ye-spinneret ibe yi-coagulation bath. Ngemuva kokuhlangana, izintambo ezisafufusa ziqoqwa nge-godet Izibopho ziyagezwa noma zelulwe ngamanzi.
Umshini wokuphotha i-fiber emfushane ubonakala ngenani elikhulu lezimbobo ku-spinneret (ipuleti), ngokuvamile i-3,000 kuya kumashumi ezinkulungwane zemigodi.

②Umshini wokuphotha we-Filament: Ngokuhlukile kumshini omfushane wokuphotha i-fiber, indlela yokusonta yentambo eqinile iyengezwa.
Umucu osuka kubhavu wokujiya udlula ku-godet ngemva kokuwashwa bese ungena ethangini le-centrifugal elizungezayo lesivinini esikhulu ngokusebenzisa ifaneli yentambo yomhlahlandlela. Umshini wokuphotha onjalo ubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokuphotha we-centrifugal tank;
Uma intambo iboshwe kwi-bobbin nge-godet, ibizwa ngokuthi umshini wokuphotha we-bobbin; uma kukhona okunye ukucubungula ngaphambi kokusonta, Kubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokuphotha oqhubekayo;
Uma zonke izinqubo zokuphotha kanye ne-post-processing ziqedwa ngokuqhubekayo emshinini wokuphotha, kubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokuphotha oqhubekayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwezintambo ze-viscose ngokuvamile kusebenzisa imishini yokuphotha eqhubekayo. Ama-spinnerets okuphotha kwemicu ngokuvamile anezimbobo eziyi-150 noma ngaphansi, futhi inani lezimbobo zemicu yentambo ephothayo lifinyelela kwezimbobo ezingu-3000.

Melt Spinning Machine
Isetshenziswa kumishini yokuphotha ye-polyester, inayiloni, ne-polypropylene. Isici siwukuthi umfudlana omncane wokuncibilika uqina ube imicu lapho uhlangana nomoya obandayo, futhi umoya obandayo uphephezelwa emfudlaneni omncane ngokulinganayo ngemva kokudlula kusihlungi esisebenza kahle kakhulu, i-valve elawulayo, kanye nedivayisi yokuphambukisa. Isivinini sokuphotha siphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile singu-600-1500 m/min. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zemishini yokuphotha encibilikayo.

I-PET PP PA POY FDY BCF umshini wokuphotha

① Umshini wokuphotha we-Filament: Ama-polymer chips ayancibilika ngemva kokufaka i-screw extruder esuka ku-hopper, futhi aphushwa yisikulufu futhi athunyelwe ebhokisini lokuphotha ngepayipi. Ukuncibilika kulinganiswa futhi kuthuthelwe ku-spinneret (ipuleti) ngepompo yokuphotha ebhokisini, futhi umfudlana omncane wokuncibilika okhishwa ku-spinneret uhlangana nomoya obandayo efasiteleni eliphothayo ukuze uphole futhi uqine ube imicu. Umshini wokusonga ulimele ku-bobbin.
Inombolo yezimbobo ku-filament spinneret ngokuvamile isuka emigodini embalwa iye kwezimbobo eziningi. Ingafinyelela izimbobo ezingaba ngu-200 lapho iphotha intambo, futhi kuba nembobo eyodwa kuphela lapho iphotha usilika onsundu. Ngalesi sikhathi, umfudlana oncibilikayo uyapholiswa futhi uqiniswe ube usilika ngokugeza kwamanzi.
Umkhuba wokuphotha imishini yokuphotha i-melt spinning filament ngeminyaka yawo-1970s ukuphotha okuhlukahlukene, okungukuthi, indawo ngayinye yokuphotha ifakwe 2, 3, 4, 6, noma ngisho nangaphezulu ama-spinnerets ukwandisa ukuphuma komshini; ukuphotha ngesivinini esiphezulu Kosilika, isivinini sokuphotha singama-3500～4000 m/min, noma siphakame sibe ngu-5000 m/min. Kumaphakheji amakhulu, umthamo wephakheji ngayinye ngokuvamile ungafinyelela ku-10 kg kuya emashumini ama-kg; okuqhubekayo, ukuphotha, nokwelula kungaphakathi Kuqedwa emshinini wokuphotha ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kukhona nezinqubo zokuphotha, ukudweba, nokuthumela umbhalo eziqedwa emshinini wokuphotha (obizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-BCF), osetshenziselwe ekukhiqizeni i-polypropylene nenayiloni. Lo mshini unokwakheka okuhlangene, umkhondo omncane, nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinga lokuzenzakalelayo lemishini yokuphotha lihlala lithuthuka.

②Umshini omfushane wokuphotha i-fiber: Uma kuqhathaniswa nomshini wokuphotha we-filament, ubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwe-spinneret enkulu enezimbobo eziningana, inombolo evamile yezimbobo yi-400 kuya ku-1100, futhi iye yathuthukiswa yaba umshini wokuphotha onama-porous onezimbobo eziningana ezifika ku-4000; Kushafi yokuphotha, kusetshenziswa isistimu yokuphephetha komoya opholile enendandatho noma evuthela indandatho kanye nokuvuthela eceleni. Ayikho indlela ehlukile yokusonta endaweni ngayinye yokuphotha. Ngemva kokuba izintambo zesikhundla ngasinye zidlula epuleti eliqondisayo noma i-rotor encane, ukudonsa kudonswa umshini wokudonsa. Iholele esondweni lokuphakela izintambo, bese ubeka okudonsayo ebhakedeni likasilika. Umthamo kasilika emgqonyeni ngamunye ungafinyelela ku-450-2000 kg. Lapho izimboni ezinkulu ze-synthetic fiber zikhiqiza imicu emifushane, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukuphotha okuqondile. Kwavela umshini wokuphotha wendlela emfushane oncibilikayo onomhubhe ongaphenduki.

Umshini wokuphotha owomile
Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-acrylic ne-nylon filaments. I-dope ephothayo ingena emhubheni isuka kushubhu yokufaka ngesihlungi, iphampu yemitha, ne-spinneret. I- trickle eyakhekile ihlangana nomoya oshisayo emhubheni, isincibilikisi siyahwamuka, bese i-polymer iqina ibe imicu kuleyo ngxubevange, bese idonsa ibe inani elithile. Kwemiqulu. Isivinini sokuphotha esomile ngokuvamile singu-200-800 m/min. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinqubo zokuphotha ezikhethekile, imishini yokuphotha eyomile emanzi yavela ngeminyaka yawo-1970.

I-PET PP PA POY FDY BCF umshini wokuphotha

Ngokuvamile, umshini wokuphotha ngokwawo unezindawo ezi-4 zokusebenza:
● Idivayisi encibilikisa i-polymer ephezulu: i-scruder extruder.
● Ukulethwa kwencibilika, ukusabalalisa, ukuphotha, kanye nedivayisi yokulondoloza ukushisa: indololwane, ibhokisi lokuphotha (ipayipi lokusabalalisa elincibilikayo, iphampu yokulinganisa, ukuhlanganisa ikhanda eliphotha).
● Idivayisi yokupholisa intambo: iwindi eliphothayo nomkhono wokupholisa.
● Idivayisi yokuqoqa izintambo: indlela yokufaka amafutha emanzi, isakhiwo se-guidewire, umshini wokusonta, noma idivayisi yokwamukela izintambo.

Idivayisi encibilikayo
1 Umsebenzi-ukunikezwa kwezinto eziqinile, ukuncibilika kwe-polymer, kanye ne-quantitative melt extrusion.
2 Izingxenye ezintathu zesigaba sokuphakela ngezikulufu, isigaba sokuminyanisa, nesigaba sokulinganisa.
3 Umgomo wokusebenza we-screw extruder ukuhlukaniswa kwesikulufu kanye nokunyakaza kwezinto endaweni ngayinye yesikulufu.

● Indawo yokudla (indawo yokwelapha) isikulufu se-isometric.
● Engxenyeni yokuqala (indawo yokupholisa), amanzi okupholisa adluliswa kukhoyili yejakhethi noma umgogodla wangaphakathi wesikulufu, <100℃ ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuncibilika ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwento esebenzayo kanye nokuvaleka kwendandatho ukuze kuvikelwe indlela ye-screw drive ekushiseni.
● Ingxenye yesibili (indawo yokushisa kuqala) ivimbela izinguquko ezingazelelwe kuzinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo ukusuka endaweni yokuphakelayo ukuya endaweni yokucindezelwa.
● Indawo yokuminyanisa (indawo encibilikayo) Isikulufu esincibilika kancane kancane noma esiphuthumayo sincibilikisa okokusebenza (ukushisisa, ukugunda) nokuminyanisa (umthamo wesikulufu uba mncane); ukubuyisela umoya noma umhwamuko wamanzi endaweni yokudla.
● Indawo yokulinganisa (indawo ye-homogenization) nezinye izikulufu ezingashoni.

Idivayisi edlulisa inyibiliki, yokusabalalisa, yokuphotha, kanye neyokugcina ukushisa

1 Ipayipi lokulethwa elincibilikayo elisuka kusikulufa sendololwane liya kubhokisi lokuphotha (enye ingxenye ixhunywe ku-screw outlet kanti enye ingxenye ixhunywe epayipini lokusabalalisa elincibilikayo lomshini ophothayo) -ingxube yangaphakathi ye-biphenyl-diphenyl ether enejakhethi Ukushisisa (ncibilikisa insulation).
2 Umzimba webhokisi eliphothayo, ipayipi lokusabalalisa elincibilikayo, ibhokisi lokushisisa le-biphenyl eliyishumi, iphampu yokuphotha kanye nomshini wayo wokudlulisa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwekhanda lokuphotha.

● Isimiso sepayipi lokusabalalisa elincibilikayo
● Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuncibilika kufinyelela ebangeni elifanayo endaweni ngayinye yokuphotha. Ukuncibilika kuhlala epayipini lokusabalalisa isikhathi esifushane; kukhona ukugoqa emuva okuncane.
● Uhlobo lwepayipi lokusabalalisa elincibilikayo: uhlobo lwegatsha nohlobo lwe-radial.

3 Ukushisisa kwebhokisi lokuphotha (ibhokisi lokufudumala le-biphenyl)
● Umsebenzi Unomsebenzi wokulondoloza ukushisa nokushisisa ipayipi lokusabalalisa elincibilikayo, iphampu yemitha, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwekhanda lokuphotha.
● Indlela yokuphatha ukushisa kwe-Biphenyl-diphenyl ether (biphenyl/diphenyl ether-26.5%/73.5%), eshisisa ngentonga yokushisisa kagesi.
● I-insulation engu-80～100mm isendlalelo sokuvala, esigcwaliswe nge-ultra-fine glass fiber noma ezinye izinto zokuvikela.

4 Iphampu yemitha yephampu yegiya lokushisa eliphezulu.
5 Ukuhlanganisa amakhanda okuphotha
● Umsebenzi: Hlunga ukuncibilika, vimbela ukuvala imbobo ye-spinneret, futhi unciphise umehluko we-viscosity ye-ncibilika, futhi uhlakaze ngokulinganayo inyibiliki emgodini ngamunye omncane wembobo ye-spinneret ukuze wenze ukuncibilika kokuncibilika.
● Isakhiwo: Inhlanganisela ye-spinneret + melt distribution plate + melt filter material + umkhono wokuhlanganisa.

Ukushisisa kwebhokisi lokuphotha (ibhokisi lokufudumala le-biphenyl)
● Umsebenzi Unomsebenzi wokulondoloza ukushisa nokushisisa ipayipi lokusabalalisa elincibilikayo, iphampu yemitha, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwekhanda lokuphotha.
● Indlela yokuphatha ukushisa kwe-Biphenyl-diphenyl ether (biphenyl/diphenyl ether-26.5%/73.5%), ishisiswe ngentonga yokushisisa kagesi.
● I-insulation engu-80～100mm isendlalelo sokuvala, esigcwaliswe nge-ultra-fine glass fiber noma ezinye izinto zokuvikela.

Idivayisi yokupholisa induku yocingo
● Iwindi lokuphotha Umcu upholiswa kuphela ukugeleza komoya okuqondisayo, ubuningi, kanye nekhwalithi phakathi nenqubo yokupholisa, izinga lokupholisa liyafana, futhi indawo yokuqiniswa kwefayibha ilungisiwe (ayithintwa ukugeleza komoya okuzungezile).
● Ingxenye engezansi yegumbi lokupholisa elipholile ifakwe izinto ezimbili ezifakwa ngaphambili nangemuva ukuze ziyihlukanise nesigubhu sokuphotha esipholisayo, futhi ingxenye engaphezulu inelokha eyenza indawo yokupholisa kancane ngaphansi kwe-spinneret; ubude buyi-30 ~ 200mm; ukuvimbela umoya opholile ukuthi ungavunguzi isifutho esibandayo Ingaphezulu lepuleti likasilika linciphisa i-birefringence kasilika omazombezombe futhi lithuthukise ukunwebeka.