Ubuningi, ubulukhuni, kanye nokucwebezela kwepulasitiki kungancishiswa noma kwandiswe ngezindlela ezifanele zokunciphisa noma ukwandisa ubuningi bokuqala bepulasitiki, ukwandisa ubulukhuni noma ukwandisa ukuguquguquka, nokushintsha ukucwebezela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.

1. Unganciphisa kanjani ubuningi bepulasitiki?
Ukunciphisa ubuningi bepulasitiki kubhekisela ekwehliseni ubuningi bokuqala bepulasitiki ngezindlela ezifanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zezicelo. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokunciphisa ubuningi bepulasitiki: ukuguqulwa kwe-foam, ukwengeza izigcwalisi ezilula, kanye nokuxuba ama-resin okukhanya.

1. Ukuguqulwa kwegwebu
Ukubumba igwebu kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ubuningi bayo. Izindlela ezimbili zokuguqula zokwengeza izithasiselo ezilula nokuxuba ama-resin okukhanya zinganciphisa ubuningi kancane, futhi ukwehla ngokuvamile kungaba ngu-50%. Ubuningi obuphansi kakhulu bungafinyelela cishe ku-0.5 kuphela. Ubukhulu bemikhiqizo yegwebu yepulasitiki bungahluka kakhulu, futhi ubuningi obuncane bungafinyelela ku-10-3. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo yethu yansuku zonke yegwebu ye-PVC ifaka ibhodi legwebu le-PVC, i-PVC foam shoe sole, i-PVC foam tube, iphrofayili yegwebu le-PVC, imikhiqizo yegwebu lepulasitiki yokhuni lwe-PVC (iphaneli yomnyango ehambayo, umugqa womnyango, iphaneli yodonga, njll.), izinwele ze-PVC. Soak floor mats nokunye.
2. Faka isitsha sokugcwalisa isibani
Njenge-PE, i-PP, i-CPE, i-ABS, i-MBS, njengofulawa wokhuni, ubuhlalu beglasi obungenalutho, njll.; njengesakhiwo esincane sama-filler ama-microbead, le ndlela yenza ukunciphisa ubuningi kube kuncane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ubuningi obuphansi kakhulu bungancipha bube cishe ku-0.4-0.5. Ubuningi obuhlobene bama-filler buphakeme kakhulu kunobepulasitiki, futhi kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo kuphela zokugcwala ngobuningi obuphansi kunepulasitiki. Ukugcwalisa okungcono ubumba olune-calcium, olunobukhulu obuncane obuthile kune-calcium powder. Intengo ayihlukile kakhulu kweye-calcium elula, futhi inani lokumuncwa kwamafutha lilingana nele-calcium powder.

1) Ubuhlalu
● Ubuningi obulinganiselwe be-microspheres eziyizingilazi ezingenalutho (ubuhlalu obuntantayo) bungu-0.4-0.7, obusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-resin e-thermosetting;
● Ubuningi obuhlobene be-phenolic microbeads bungu-0.1.

2) Izinto zokugcwalisa eziphilayo
● Ubuningi bempuphu yekhork buyi-0.5, kanti i-viscosity ebonakalayo ingu-0.05—0.06;
● Ubuningi bothuli lwefayibha kanye nothuli lukakotini bungu-0.2-0.3;
● Izitshalo ze-fruit husk ezifana ne-rice straw powder, i-peanut powder, kanye ne-coconut husk powder.
● Njengezinto zokugcoba, izinto zokugcoba zangaphakathi nezangaphandle eziwuketshezi, njll., ubuningi be-polyvinyl chloride emsulwa bungu-1.4g/cm3, kanti i-polyvinyl chloride eyenziwe ngepulasitiki (equkethe cishe i-40% ye-plasticizer) ingu-1.19~1.35;

3. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezilula
Engeza izingxube zepulasitiki eziphansi, njenge-PE, i-PP, i-CPE, i-ABS, i-MBS; kukhona nohlobo lokugcwalisa okulula: ufulawa wokhuni, okuyi-fiber encane yokhuni, elula kakhulu. Kodwa kunemikhawulo ethile, ngokusho kwakho Sebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene.

2. Ungakwandisa kanjani ubuningi bepulasitiki?
Ukwandisa ubuningi bepulasitiki kuyindlela yokwandisa ubuningi be-resin yokuqala, ikakhulukazi ngokufaka ama-filler asindayo nokuxuba ama-resin asindayo.

1. Engeza isitsha esinzima sokugcwalisa
● Impuphu yensimbi
● Ukugcwalisa amaminerali amaningi
2. Ukuhlanganisa i-resin esindayo
Le ndlela inokuthuthukiswa okuncane kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ingafinyelela cishe ku-50% kuphela lapho iphezulu kakhulu. Ifaneleka kakhulu kwamanye ama-resin alula njenge-PE, i-PP, i-PS, i-EVA, i-PA1010, kanye ne-PPO, njll. Ama-resin asindayo avame ukungezwa yi-PTFE, i-FEP, i-PPS, kanye ne-POM, njll.

3. Ungakushintsha kanjani ubulukhuni bepulasitiki?
1. Umqondo kanye nokumelwa kobulukhuni
Ukuqina kubhekisela ekhonweni lezinto ezibonakalayo lokumelana nezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezicindezelwayo ebusweni bazo.
Inani lobulukhuni liwukubonakaliswa kwenani okunemibandela okubonisa ubulukhuni bezinto. Akuyona inani elingokoqobo elimsulwa nelicacile. Usayizi wenani lobulukhuni awuxhomekile nje kuphela ezintweni ngokwazo kodwa futhi uncike ezimweni zokuhlola nezindlela zokulinganisa. Ngezindlela ezahlukene zokulinganisa ubulukhuni, inani lobulukhuni elilinganiswe ngezinto ezifanayo alifani. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqhathaniswe ubulukhuni phakathi kwezinto, inani lobulukhuni bendlela efanayo yokulinganisa kumele lisetshenziswe ukuze kuqhathaniswe.

Kunezindlela eziningana ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukuveza ubulukhuni:
● Ukuqina kogu lolwandle
● Ukuqina kweRockwell
● Ubulukhuni be-Mohs

2. Ukuxuba kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bepulasitiki
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuxuba ipulasitiki ukuhlanganisa i-resin enobulukhuni obuphezulu ne-resin enobulukhuni obuphansi ukuze kwandiswe ubulukhuni bayo obujwayelekile. Ama-resin ajwayelekile ahlanganisiwe yi-PS, i-PMMA, i-ABS, kanye ne-MF, njll. Ama-resin adinga ukuguqulwa ikakhulukazi yi-PE, i-PA, i-PTFE, kanye ne-PP.
3. Inhlanganisela yokuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bepulasitiki
Indlela yokuhlanganisa ipulasitiki ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni iwukuhlanganisa ungqimba lwe-resin enobulukhuni obuphezulu ezindaweni zemikhiqizo yepulasitiki enobulukhuni obuphansi. Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ekukhipheni imikhiqizo, njengamapuleti, amashidi, amafilimu, namapayipi. Ama-resin ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-PS, i-PMMA, i-ABS, kanye ne-MF.
4. Ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe kobuso bepulasitiki
Le ndlela ibhekisela ekuthuthukiseni ubulukhuni bangaphandle bomkhiqizo wepulasitiki kuphela, kuyilapho ubulukhuni bangaphakathi bomkhiqizo buhlala bungashintshi. Lena indlela yokuthuthukisa ubulukhuni engabizi kakhulu.
Le ndlela yokuguqula isetshenziselwa kakhulu izindawo zokubeka izinto, izinto zokuhlobisa, izinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nezidingo zansuku zonke. Le ndlela yokuguqula ihlanganisa izindlela ezintathu ezicacile: ukumboza, ukubopha, kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo.

4. Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki?
Uma sikhuluma ngokunembile, ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki kubhekisela ebuthakathakeni bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Okusho ukuthi, uma umkhiqizo wepulasitiki uthambile, ukuguquguquka kwawo kungcono. Ku-physics ye-polymer, ukuguquguquka kuchazwa njengempahla yamaketanga e-polymer angashintsha ukufana kwawo. Ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki kuncike esakhiweni seketanga lama-molecule e-polymer yayo.

1. Faka i-plasticizer
I-Plasticizer ibhekisela ekilasini lezinto ezingathuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-plasticity kwama-polymer. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu i-resin ye-PVC. Inani le-plasticizer ku-PVC lingabiza ngaphezu kwama-98% enani eliphelele le-plasticizer. Ngaphezu kwe-PVC, ama-plasticizer nawo asebenzisa kuma-polymer afana ne-PVDC, i-CPE, i-SBS, i-polyvinyl acetate, i-nitrocellulose, i-PA, i-ABS, kanye ne-PVA.
2. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yama-plasticizers yile elandelayo:
● Nciphisa izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kanye ne-viscosity encibilikayo ye-polymer, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa layo lokucubungula ukubumba.
● Yenza imikhiqizo ye-polymer enobumnene, ukuthamba, kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphansi.

3. Indlela ethile yokusebenza kwe-plasticizer yile elandelayo:
● Umphumela wevolumu
● Umphumela wokuvikela

5. Thuthukisa ukucwebezela kwepulasitiki
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuthuthukisa ukucwebezela kwepulasitiki. Enye iwukuthuthukisa ukucwebezela kobuso bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kokukhanya; enye iwukunciphisa ukucwebezela kobuso bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kombala.
Ukukhanyisa amapulasitiki kusho ukuthuthukisa ukucwebezela noma ukuqeda kobuso bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Ngaphandle kokukhetha okunengqondo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, izindlela ezithile zifaka phakathi ukwengeza indlela yokukhanyisa, ukuxuba indlela yokukhanyisa, indlela yokukhanyisa yokulawula ukuma, ukulawula ukushelela kwemishini yokubumba, izindlela ezimbili zokuthuthukisa ukukhanya kwe-Sub-processing, kanye nendlela yokuthuthukisa ukukhanya kwe-surface coating, njll.

Okulandelayo ikakhulukazi kwethula indlela yokukhanyisa yepulasitiki:
1. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki
Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kobuso bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Uma izinto zokusetshenziswa zikhethwe kahle, kulula ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya; ngaphandle kwalokho, kuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ama-resins kanye nezithasiselo.
2. Ukukhethwa kwe-resin
Izici ze-resin zinomthelela omkhulu ekukhanyeni kobuso bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki, futhi iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulawula ukukhazimula kobuso bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Ithonya layo ekukhanyeni kobuso bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ehlobene lincike kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1) Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-resin
Ukucwebezela kwemikhiqizo ehlobene yezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-resin kuhluke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kubheka ukuthi ukukhanya kwemikhiqizo ehlobene ne-resin elandelayo kungcono: i-melamine resin, i-ABS, i-PP, i-HIPS, i-PE, i-POM, i-PMMA, kanye ne-PPO, njll., phakathi kwazo izinhlobo ezimbili ze-melamine resin kanye ne-ABS ezicwebezelayo ezivelele kakhulu.
Ku-resin efanayo, indlela yokwenza ihlukile, futhi ukukhanya kwe-resin okuhambisana nomkhiqizo nakho kuyaqhubeka. Isib:
● Ku-PP, ukucwebezela kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ezakhiwe ngezinye izindlela ze-polymerization kungokulandelayo: PP-R>homopolymer PP>block copolymer PP.
● Ku-PE, ukukhanya kwezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene kungokulandelayo: LDPE>LLDPE>HDPE
● Ku-PVC, i-emulsion PVC resin inokukhanya okuphezulu kune-suspension PVC resin.
● Nge-resin ye-PS, ukukhanya kwe-polystyrene enamandla kakhulu (ama-HIPS) kukhulu kunokwe-polystyrene ejwayelekile (i-GPPS)

2) Izici ze-resin
Izici ezithile zihlukile, kanti ukucwebezela nakho kungenye into. Phakathi kwezici ze-resin, izici ezithinta ukukhanya.
● Ngokuvamile, lapho izinga lokugeleza kokuncibilika (i-MFR) likhula kakhulu, kulapho umkhiqizo ohlobene ukhanya khona kakhulu.
● Ithonya lesisindo sama-molecule libonakala kakhulu ebubanzini bokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule. Lapho ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule kubanzi, kulapho kuncipha khona ukukhanya kwemikhiqizo ehlobene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule kuphelele, futhi ukungalingani kwezinto kuye kwanda.
● Ithonya lokumuncwa kwamanzi I-resin emuncwa amanzi amaningi inomthelela obaluleke kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwemikhiqizo yayo ehlobene. Isibonelo, i-PA, i-PI, i-PSF, ne-PC eneqembu le-ester (-COOR) kanye neqembu le-galantamine (-CONH2) ku-molecule, uma ingomiswanga noma ingomiswanga ngokuphelele, kuzokhiqizwa ama-ripple amanzi, amabhamuza, nezintambo zesiliva ebusweni bomkhiqizo. , Amamaki, amabala, njll., ukuze ukucwebezela kobuso kuncishiswe kakhulu.

3. Ukukhethwa kwezithasiselo
Phakathi kwazo zonke izithasiselo zepulasitiki, ama-filler anomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ku-gloss, alandelwe ama-plasticizer, ama-stabilizer, kanye nama-flame retardants, kodwa umphumela mncane kakhulu. Ithonya lama-fillers ku-gloss lingahlukaniswa ngezici ezilandelayo:

1) Uhlobo lokugcwalisa
Ama-filler ahlukene anemiphumela ehlukene ekukhanyeni. Ngaphandle kwama-microbead engilazi, cishe wonke ama-filler azonciphisa ukukhanya kwemikhiqizo egcwalisiwe, kodwa ukwehla kuyanda.
Ithonya lama-filler amaningana ekukhanyeni kwemikhiqizo egcwalisiwe lingokulandelayo: usawoti wensimbi> i-fiber yengilazi2) Ukuma kwesigcwalisi
Izimo ezahlukene ezincane kakhulu zezinhlayiya zokugcwalisa zineminye imiphumela ekukhanyeni kwemikhiqizo egcwalisiwe. Ukuhleleka kobukhulu bomthelela kuyindilinga 3) Usayizi wezinhlayiya zokugcwalisa
Uma usayizi wezinhlayiya zomgcwalisi uncane, kulapho ukwehla kokukhanya komkhiqizo womgcwalisi kuncane. Futhi, ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya zomgcwalisi buhlukile, futhi umphumela ekukhanyeni komkhiqizo ogcwele nawo uhlukile. Umthetho wethonya uwukuthi lapho ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya zomgcwalisi kubanzi kakhulu, kulapho ukukhanya kobuso bomkhiqizo onikeziwe kuncipha khona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho ububanzi bosayizi wezinhlayiya zomgcwalisi bubaluleke kakhulu, lapho ubuso bomkhiqizo ogcwele bungalingani khona, kulapho ukukhanya kwesigameko kungaveza khona ukukhanya okusabalele.
4) Inani lokugcwalisa lokugcwalisa
Ukugcwaliswa kwesigcwalisi kuyanda futhi ukukhanya kobuso bomkhiqizo ogcwalisiwe kuyancipha. Uma sibheka uhlelo lwe-PP olusetshenziswa yi-CaCO3 njengesibonelo, lapho inani lokugcwalisa le-CaCO3 lingu-5%, ukukhanya kobuso bomkhiqizo onikeziwe kungu-50%. Uma inani lokugcwalisa le-CaCO3 lingu-15%, ukukhanya kokugcwalisa kwehlela ku-32%.