Ukuxinana, ukuqina, kunye neglosi yeplastiki inokwehliswa okanye yandiswe ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa okanye ukwandisa ukuxinana kokuqala kweplastiki, ukwandisa ukuqina okanye ukwandisa ukuguquguquka, kunye nokutshintsha iglosi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo ezahlukeneyo.

1. Indlela yokunciphisa ubuninzi beplastiki?
Ukunciphisa ingxinano yeplastiki kubhekiselele ekwehliseni ingxinano yokuqala yeplastiki ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezicelo. Zintathu iindlela zokunciphisa ukuxinana kweeplastiki: ukuguqulwa kogwebu, ukongeza izihluzi ezikhaphukhaphu, kunye nokudibanisa iireyini zokukhanya.

1. Ukuguqulwa kogwebu
Ukubunjwa kwe-foam yeemveliso zeplastiki yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokunciphisa ubuninzi bayo. Iindlela ezimbini zokuguqula ezongezelelo ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nokudibanisa i-resin zokukhanya kunokunciphisa ukuxinana kancinci, kwaye ukuncipha ngokubanzi malunga ne-50%. Olona xinzelelo lusezantsi lunokufikelela kuphela malunga ne-0.5. Ubuninzi beemveliso zeplastiki ze-foam zinokwahluka ngokubanzi, kwaye ukuxinana okuhambelanayo kunokufumana ngaphantsi kwe-10-3. Okwangoku, iimveliso zethu zemihla ngemihla ze-PVC ze-foam ziquka ibhodi ye-foam ye-PVC, i-PVC ye-foam ye-foam, i-PVC ye-foam tube, iphrofayili ye-PVC ye-foam, i-PVC yeplanga yeeplanga zeemveliso zeplastiki (ipaneli yomnyango ehambayo, umgca womnyango, ipaneli yodonga, njl.), iinwele ze-PVC Zifake iimethi zomgangatho kunye nokunye.
2. Yongeza isigcwalisi esikhanyayo
Ezinje nge-PE, PP, CPE, ABS, MBS, njengomgubo womthi, amaso eglasi angenanto, njl.; ezifana ne-microstructure ye-microbead fillers, le ndlela yenza ukunciphisa ukuxinana kuncinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxinana kwesalamane esisezantsi kunokunciphisa malunga ne-0.4-0.5. Ubuninzi bezinto zokuzalisa ubukhulu becala buphezulu kunobo beplastiki, kwaye kukho kuphela ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zokuhlohlwa ezinoxinano olusezantsi kuneeplastiki. Ukuzaliswa ngcono ludongwe oluyi-calcined, olunobunzima obuthile obuncinci kunomgubo we-calcium. Ixabiso alihluke kakhulu kwi-calcium ekhanyayo, kwaye ixabiso lokufunxa ioli lilingana nelo powder calcium.

1) Amaso
● Ubuninzi beglasi ehollow microspheres (amaso adadayo) yi-0.4-0.7, ikakhulu esetyenziselwa i-thermosetting resins;
● Ubuninzi be-phenolic microbeads yi-0.1.

2) Izihluzi ze-Organic
● Ubuninzi bobuninzi be-cork powder ngu-0.5, kunye ne-viscosity ebonakalayo yi-0.05-0.06;
● Ukuxinana kothuli lwefayibha kunye nothuli lomqhaphu ngu-0.2-0.3;
● Izivuno zamakhoba eziqhamo ezinjengomgubo wendiza yerayisi, umgubo wamandongomane, nomgubo wekhoba lekhokhonathi.
● Okufana neplastiki, izithambisi ezingamanzi zangaphakathi nangaphandle, njl. njl., ubuninzi bepolyvinyl chloride esulungekileyo yi-1.4g/cm3, kunye neplastiki ye-polyvinyl chloride (equlethe malunga ne-40% ye-plasticizer) yi-1.19 ~ 1.35;

3. Ukudibanisa izinto ezilula
Yongeza ukudibanisa kweplastiki ephantsi, njenge-PE, PP, CPE, ABS, MBS; kukho kwakhona uhlobo lokuzaliswa kwe-lightweight: umgubo wokhuni, okuyi-fiber ecocekileyo yomthi, elula kakhulu. Kodwa kukho imida ethile, ngokutsho kwakho Sebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

2. Indlela yokwandisa ubuninzi beeplastiki?
Ukwandisa ubuninzi beplastiki yindlela yokwandisa ukuxinana kwe-resin yasekuqaleni, ngokukodwa ngokufaka iifayili ezinzima kunye nokudibanisa i-resin enzima.

1. Yongeza isihluzi esinzima
● Umgubo wentsimbi
● Isihluzi seminerali esinzima
2. Ukudibanisa i-resin enzima
Le ndlela inokuphucula okuncinci kwaye ngokubanzi inokufikelela kuphela malunga ne-50% ephezulu. Ikakhulu ifanelekile kwezinye iiresin ezikhanyayo ezifana ne-PE, PP, PS, EVA, PA1010, kunye ne-PPO, njl njl.

3. Indlela yokutshintsha ubulukhuni beplastiki?
1. Ingcamango kunye nokumelwa kobulukhuni
Ukuqina kubhekiselele kubuchule besixhobo sokumelana nezinye izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezicinezela kumphezulu wayo.
Ixabiso lobunzima luphawu olunemiqathango olubonakalisa ubulukhuni bezinto eziphathekayo. Ayingobungakanani obusulungekileyo nobuqinisekileyo bomzimba. Ubungakanani bexabiso lobunzima abuxhomekeke kuphela kwizinto eziphathekayo kodwa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zovavanyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa. Ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa ubulukhuni, ixabiso lobulukhuni elilinganiswe kwisixhobo esifanayo alifani. Ke ngoko, ukuthelekisa ubulukhuni phakathi kwemathiriyeli, ixabiso lobulukhuni bendlela yokulinganisa efanayo kufuneka lisetyenziswe ukuthelekisa.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ubulukhuni:
● Ukuqina konxweme
● Ukuqina kweRockwell
● Mohs ubulukhuni

2. Ukudibanisa kuphucula ubulukhuni beeplastiki
Indlela yokuphucula ukudibanisa iplastiki kukudibanisa i-high-hardness resin kunye ne-low-hardness resin ukwandisa ubunzima bayo bonke. Iintlaka ezidityanisiweyo ezisemgangathweni zi-PS, PMMA, ABS, kunye ne-MF, njl njl. Iintlaka ezifuna ukuguqulwa ikakhulu ziyi-PE, PA, PTFE, kunye ne-PP.
3. Umdibaniso wokuphucula ubulukhuni beplastiki
Indlela yokudibanisa iplastiki ukuphucula ubulukhuni kukudibanisa umaleko weresin enobunzima obuphezulu kumphezulu wemveliso yeplastiki enobulukhuni obuphantsi. Le ndlela ifaneleka ikakhulu kwiimveliso ezikhuphayo, ezinje ngeepleyiti, amaphepha, iifilimu, kunye nemibhobho. I-resin edibeneyo esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-PS, PMMA, ABS, kunye ne-MF.
4. Ukuphuculwa kokuqina komphezulu weeplastiki
Le ndlela ibhekisela ekuphuculeni kuphela ubunzima bangaphandle bemveliso yeplastiki, ngelixa ubulukhuni bangaphakathi bemveliso buhlala bungatshintshi. Le yindlela yokuphucula ubunzima obuphantsi.
Le ndlela yokuguqula isetyenziselwa ikakhulu izindlu, izinto zokuhombisa, izinto ezibonakalayo, kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla. Le ndlela yokuguqula ibandakanya ngokucacileyo iindlela ezintathu: ukugquma, ukugquma, kunye nonyango lomphezulu.

4.Indlela yokuphucula ukuguquguquka kweeplastiki?
Ukuthetha ngokuvakalayo, ukuguquguquka kweplastiki kubhekiselele kubuthambile beemveliso zeplastiki. Oko kukuthi, imveliso yeplastiki ithambileyo, ngcono ukuguquguquka kwayo. Kwifiziksi yepolymer, ukuguquguquka kuchaza njengepropathi yamatyathanga epolymer anokutshintsha ukufana kwawo. Ukuguquguquka kweplastiki kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo se-molecular chain ye-polymer yayo.

1. Yongeza iplastiki
I-Plasticizer ibhekisa kwiklasi yezinto ezinokuphucula iplastiki yeepolima. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu i-PVC resin. Isixa se-plasticizer kwi-PVC sinokubala ngaphezu kwe-98% yexabiso elipheleleyo le-plasticizer. Ukongeza kwi-PVC, iiplasticizers zikwasebenzisa kwiipolymers ezifana ne-PVDC, i-CPE, i-SBS, i-polyvinyl acetate, i-nitrocellulose, i-PA, i-ABS, kunye ne-PVA.
2. Imisebenzi ephambili yeeplasticizers yile ilandelayo:
● Ukunciphisa ukushisa okunyibilikayo kunye nokunyibilika kwe-viscosity ye-polymer, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ubushushu bokubumba.
● Yenza iimveliso zepolymer ezinokuthamba, ukunwebeka, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi.

3.Indlela ethile yokusebenza yeplasticizer yile ilandelayo:
● Isiphumo somthamo
● Isiphumo sokukhusela

5.Phucula iglosi yeplastiki
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuphucula iglosi yeplastiki. Enye kukuphucula iglosi yeglosi yeemveliso zeplastiki, ezibiza ukuguqulwa okuqaqambileyo; enye kukunciphisa iglosi yomphezulu yeemveliso zeplastiki, ebizwa ngokuba yi-matting modification.
Ukukhanya kweeplastiki kuthetha ukuphucula iglosi okanye ukugqiba kweemveliso zeplastiki. Ngaphandle kokhetho olufanelekileyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada, iindlela ezithile zibandakanya ukongeza indlela yokuqaqamba, ukudibanisa indlela yokuqaqamba, indlela yokulawula imilo eqaqambileyo, isixhobo sokubumba sokulawula ukugudisa, iindlela ezimbini zokuphucula ukuqaqamba komgangatho, kunye nendlela yokuphucula ukuqaqamba komphezulu, njl.

Oku kulandelayo sazisa ikakhulu indlela eqaqambileyo yeplastiki:
1. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zeplastiki ekrwada
Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada yeplastiki yeyona nto isisiseko sokuphucula ukugqitywa komphezulu weemveliso zeplastiki. Ukuba izinto eziluhlaza zikhethwe kakuhle, kulula ukuphucula i-gloss; kungenjalo, intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi.
Izinto zePlastiki eziluhlaza zinokwahlula zibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-resins kunye ne-additives.
2. Ukukhetha intlaka
Iimpawu ze-resin zinempembelelo ebaluleke ngakumbi kwiglosi yomphezulu weemveliso zeplastiki, kwaye yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulawula ukukhazimla komphezulu weemveliso zeplastiki. Impembelelo yayo kwiglosi yeglosi yeemveliso zeplastiki ezinxulumeneyo ikakhulu ixhomekeke kule miba ilandelayo:

1) Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-resin
Iglosi yeemveliso ezinxulumeneyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-resin zahluke kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqwalasela ukuba ukukhanya kwezi mveliso ezinxulumene ne-resin zilandelayo kungcono: i-melamine resin, i-ABS, i-PP, i-HIPS, i-PE, i-POM, i-PMMA, kunye ne-PPO, njl., phakathi kwazo i-melamine resin kunye ne-ABS ezimbini iindidi zeglosi zezona zibalaseleyo.
Kwi-resin efanayo, indlela yokudibanisa ihluke, kwaye i-gloss ye-resin ehambelana nemveliso nayo iqhubela phambili. Umzekelo:
● Kwi-PP, ukucwebezela kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngezinye iindlela ze-polymerization ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: PP-R> i-homopolymer PP>i-block copolymer PP.
● Kwi-PE, iglosi yeentlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zezi zilandelayo: LDPE>LLDPE>HDPE
● Kwi-PVC, i-emulsion ye-PVC ye-resin ine-luster ephezulu kune-resin ye-PVC yokumiswa.
● Kwi-PS resin, ukuqaqamba kwe-polystyrene enefuthe eliphezulu (HIPS) bukhulu kunobo benjongo jikelele ye-polystyrene (GPPS)

2) Iimpawu ze-resin
Iimpawu ezithile zahlukile, kwaye isicwebezelisi sesinye. Phakathi kweempawu ze-resin, izinto ezichaphazela ukukhanya.
● Ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya esikhulu sokunyibilika (i-MFR), inkulu iglosi yemveliso enxulumeneyo.
● Impembelelo ye-molecular weight ibonakaliswe ngokubanzi kububanzi be-molecular weight distribution. Okukhona ukuhanjiswa kobunzima bemolekyuli, kokukhona kusezantsi iglosi yeemveliso ezinxulumeneyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuhanjiswa kobunzima be-molecular kubanzi, kwaye ukungahambi kakuhle kwezinto kunyukile.
● Iimpembelelo zokufunxa kwamanzi Intlaka efunxa kakhulu amanzi inempembelelo ebaluleke ngakumbi kwiglosi yeemveliso ezinxulumeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-PA, i-PI, i-PSF, kunye ne-PC kunye neqela le-ester (-COOR) kunye neqela le-galantamine (-CONH2) kwi-molecule, ukuba ayikomiswanga okanye yomiswe ngokungagqibekanga, ukuvuza kwamanzi, amaqamza, kunye neengcingo zesilivere ziya kuveliswa kumphezulu wemveliso. , Ukumakishwa, amabala, njl., ukwenzela ukuba i-gloss yomhlaba iyancipha kakhulu.

3. Ukukhethwa kwezongezo
Phakathi kwazo zonke izongezelelo zeplastiki, izihluzi zinempembelelo enkulu kwiglosi, zilandelwa ziiplastiizers, izizinzi, kunye neeretardants zomlilo, kodwa isiphumo sincinci. Impembelelo yezihluzi kwiglosi inokwahlula ngokwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

1) Uhlobo lokuzalisa
Iifayile ezahlukeneyo zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwiglosi. Ngaphandle kwee-microbeads zeglasi, phantse zonke iifayili ziya kunciphisa ukukhanya kweemveliso ezizaliswe, kodwa ukuhla kukodwa.
Impembelelo yezizalisi ezininzi kwi-gloss yeemveliso ezizalisiweyo yile ilandelayo: ityuwa yesinyithi>ifayibha yeglasi2) Ubume bomhluzi
Iimilo ezahlukeneyo ezincinci zee-filler particles zinezinye iziphumo kwi-gloss yeemveliso ezizalisiweyo. Ulandelelwano lobukhulu bempembelelo luyi-spherical 3) Ubungakanani besuntswana lokugcwalisa
Ubuncinci besayizi ye-particle ye-filler, encinci iyancipha kwi-gloss yemveliso yokuzalisa. Kwakhona, ububanzi bokusabalalisa i-particle size filler buhluke, kwaye umphumo ekukhanyeni kwemveliso egcweleyo yahlukile. Umthetho wempembelelo ubanzi ngakumbi ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle filler, i-gloss esezantsi yeglosi yemveliso ebonelelweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba okukhona kubaluleke ngakumbi ubungakanani bobungakanani boluhlu lwesihlungi, kokukhona ungalinganiyo umphezulu wemveliso ozalisweyo, kokukhona ukukhanya kwesehlo kunokuvelisa ukubonakaliswa okwahlukileyo.
4) Ukuzalisa inani lokuzalisa
Ukuzaliswa kwe-filler kwanda kwaye i-gloss surface yemveliso egcweleyo iyancipha. Ukuthatha inkqubo ye-PP esetyenziswayo ye-CaCO3 njengomzekelo, xa isixa sokuzaliswa kwe-CaCO3 sisi-5%, iglosi yeglosi yemveliso ebonelelweyo yi-50%. Xa inani lokuzaliswa kweCaCO3 li-15%, i-gloss yokuzaliswa iyancipha ukuya kwi-32%.