Kapangidwe ka nsalu zosalukidwa zosungunuka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotentha wothamanga kwambiri kuti mukoke mtsinje woonda wa polima wosungunula wotuluka kuchokera ku khomo la kufa, potero kupanga ulusi wabwino kwambiri ndikumangirira pa nsalu yotchinga kapena chodzigudubuza, ndikudalira Bonds palokha kukhala nsalu yopanda nsalu.

Kuyerekeza kwa ulusi wosungunuka ndi ulusi wa spun-bond:
● Utali wa Fiber: Spunbond ndi ulusi, wosungunuka ndi ulusi waufupi.
● Mphamvu za CHIKWANGWANI: Mphamvu za ulusi wa Spunbond> Mphamvu ya CHIKWANGWANI cha Meltblown.
● Fiber fineness: Ulusi wosungunuka ndi woonda kuposa ulusi wa spun-bond.

Zipangizo zosungunulira zimagawidwa m'mitundu yopingasa komanso yoyima molingana ndi njira zoyikira.

1. Njira yoyenda ndi zida
Meltblown process

Kukonzekera polima → kusungunula kusungunula → mpope woyezera → kusungunula kusungunula → kusungunula kachidutswa kakang'ono → kuzizira → chipangizo cholandirira

Zida zomwe zikuphatikizidwa pamzere wopangira nsalu wa pp meltblown wosalukidwa

Zida zazikulu: chowotcha, wononga extruder, mpope wa metering, msonkhano wa meltblown kufa, kompresa ya mpweya, chotenthetsera mpweya, chipangizo cholandirira, chipangizo chomangirira. Kuti apange poliyesitala ndi zinthu zina zopangira, chipangizo chowumitsa chip chimafunikanso.

Zida zothandizira: ng'anjo yoyeretsera kufa, chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito electrostatic, ndi chipangizo chopopera, etc.

1. Wodyetsa

Anayikidwa pa hopper wa extruder. Ntchito ya feeder ndikuyamwa magawo a polima mu hopper ya screw extruder. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ntchito yodziwikiratu. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya pa nthawi ya unit ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi zotsatira za mzere wonse wopanga.
2. Screw extruder
3. Pampu ya mita
4. Meltblown kufa mutu msonkhano
Msonkhano wa kufa ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazida zosungunuka, makamaka kuphatikiza:

1. Njira yogawa polima yosungunuka
2. Kufa mutu dongosolo

Njira yogawa polima yosungunuka
Dongosolo logawa ma polima limatha kuwonetsetsa kuti chosungunula cha polima chimayenda molingana ndi kutalika kwa fakitale ya meltblown ndipo chimakhala ndi nthawi yokhalamo yunifolomu, potero kuwonetsetsa kuti nsalu yosungunula yosalukidwa imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana m'lifupi mwake.

Dongosolo lakufa
Dongosolo la mutu wa kufa limapangidwa ndi spinneret, mbale ya gasi, kutentha ndi kuteteza kutentha, ndi zina.
Kufanana kwa zinthu zomwe zimasungunuka zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kufa. Nthawi zambiri, kulondola kwa mutu wa meltblown die head ndi wokwera, choncho mtengo wopangira mutu wa kufa ndi wokwera mtengo.

Dongosolo lakufa

5. Chotenthetsera mpweya
Njira ya meltblown imafuna mpweya wotentha kwambiri. Mpweya woponderezedwa ndi kompresa wa mpweya umachotsedwa ndi kusefedwa kenako kutumizidwa ku chotenthetsera cha mpweya kuti chiwotche, kenako chimatumizidwa ku msonkhano wa meltblown die. Chowotcha mpweya ndi chotengera chopondereza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo chiyenera kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni a mpweya wotentha kwambiri, kotero kuti zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.

6. Kulandira chipangizo
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya zida zolandirira njira zosungunuka ndi: mtundu wa roller, mtundu wa flat-screen
Kuumba kwamitundu itatu (mandrel): chipangizo chopangira zinthu zosefera
Landirani chipangizo cholandirira cha mbali zitatu, chogawanika kukhala cholandira pakanthawi ndi kulandira mosalekeza.

Chipangizo cholandira pakanthawi
Chipangizo cholandira chimayenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, ndipo ulusiwo umavulazidwa pa mandrel mumagulu angapo; mtunda wolandira umasinthidwa kuti upangitse chinthu chosefera chokhala ndi kachulukidwe kachulukidwe;
Sinthani kukula kwa mandrel kuti mupange zinthu zosefera ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana amkati. Chilichonse chasefa chikapangidwa, mandrel amafunika kusinthidwa, kotero kuti kupanga kumakhala kochepa.

Kulandila kosalekeza chipangizo
The mandrel kulandira ndi mu mawonekedwe a cantilever mtengo, ndipo pali kufala shaft potulutsa tubular fyuluta chinthu. Mapeto a mutu wa shaft yopatsira amalumikizidwa, ndipo chinthu chosefera cha tubular chimakokedwa kuchokera ku mandrel omwe amalandila ndikupititsidwa kumalo odulira.
Popanga zinthu zosefera zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, mitu ingapo yokhala ndi mtunda wolandila wosiyanasiyana iyenera kukhala ndi zida.

7. Zida zothandizira
Chida chachikulu chothandizira pamzere wopangira ma meltblown ndi ng'anjo yoyeretsa kufa. Kutsekeka kwa dzenje kudzachitika mutu wa meltblown ufa utapangidwa kwakanthawi. Panthawi imeneyi, mutu wa meltblown ufa uyenera kusinthidwa.
Difa lolowetsedwa m'malo mwake liyenera kuthamangitsidwa kuti lichotse polima ndi zonyansa zomwe zatsala mukufayo. Zomangira ndi ma spinnerets nthawi zambiri amawotcha kuti achotse ma polima otsala ndi zonyansa.

2. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu meltblown
Mwachidziwitso, zida zonse za thermoplastic (kusungunuka kwapamwamba, kukhazikika kwa kutentha pang'ono) zida za polima chip zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakusungunuka. Polypropylene ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chip ukadaulo wa meltblown. Kupatula apo, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima chip ukadaulo wosungunuka zikuphatikizapo poliyesitala, polyamide, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, PBT, EMA, EVA, etc.Mtundu wa polima umatsimikizira kusungunuka kwake ndi rheological katundu. Pazinthu zilizonse zopangira polima, pali njira yofananira yosungunula yosungunuka, monga kutentha kwa kutentha, chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwa m'mimba mwake, mawonekedwe a wononga, kuyanika kwazinthu zopangira, ndi zina zotero, pali zosiyana.
Olefin polima zopangira (monga polypropylene) ndi mkulu mlingo wa polymerization, kotero kutentha kutentha ndi apamwamba kuposa malo ake osungunuka 100 ℃ kapena apamwamba akhoza kusungunuka bwino, pamene polyester Kutentha kutentha ndi apamwamba pang'ono kuposa malo ake osungunuka akhoza kusungunuka. Zopangira za Olefin nthawi zambiri sizifunikira kuumitsa. Polyester iyenera kukhala yowumitsidwa.
Kulemera kwa mamolekyu ndi kugawa kwazinthu zopangira polima ndizofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza njira ya meltblown ndi machitidwe a nsalu zopanda nsalu zosungunuka.
Panjira yosungunuka, amakhulupirira kuti kutsika kwa mamolekyu ndi kugawa kwazinthu zopangira polima ndizopindulitsa pakufanana kwa ukonde wosungunuka. Kutsika kwa mamolekyu a polima, kumapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha melt flow index (MFI, melt flow index, chikutanthauza kulemera kwa kusungunuka komwe kumatuluka mu maminiti a 10 pansi pa kupanikizika ndi kutentha kwina), ndipo kutsika kwa viscosity kusungunuka, ndikoyenera kwambiri The meltblown ndondomeko imakhala ndi zotsatira zofooka zolembera.

3.kapangidwe ndi katundu wa meltblown sanali nsalu nsalu
Chimodzi mwamakhalidwe a nsalu zosalukidwa zosungunuka ndikuti ulusi wa ulusi ndi wocheperako, nthawi zambiri wosakwana 10 μm, ndipo ulusi wabwino kwambiri ndi 1 mpaka 4 μm.
Mphamvu zosiyanasiyana pa mzere wonse wozungulira kuchokera ku meltblown die nozzle kupita ku chipangizo cholandira sichikhoza kukhala chofanana (chikoka cha kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yotambasula ya kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuthamanga, ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wozizira, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fiber yosungunuka ikhale yosiyana siyana.
Kufanana kwa ulusi wa ulusi mu ukonde wowongoka wosalukidwa ndi wabwino kwambiri kuposa ulusi wosungunuka, chifukwa munjira yopota, mikhalidwe yozungulira imakhala yokhazikika, komanso zolembera ndi kuziziritsa sizisintha.
Kuwoneka kwa crystallinity ndi momwe ulusi wosungunuka ndi wocheperako kuposa njira ya spun-bond. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya ulusi wosungunuka ndi yotsika, ndipo mphamvu ya ukonde wa ulusi nayonso ndi yotsika. Mphamvu za ma fiber angapo a PP ndi awa:

Mphamvu ya ma fiber angapo a PP

Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa ulusi wa meltblown fibers, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa nsalu zopanda nsalu za meltblown zimakhala makamaka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a ulusi wake wapamwamba kwambiri.

4.kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zopanda nsalu zosungunuka
Pakadali pano, nsalu zosalukidwa zosungunuka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
1 zosefera
Sefa ndi kulekanitsidwa kwa tinthu tating'ono tomwe timamwazikana mu gasi kapena madzi.
Makina osefera: sieving deposition, electrostatic deposition, diffusion deposition, etc.
Kodi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosefedwa tosefedwa?
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti: zinthu zosefera zokhala ndi pore kukula kwa ma microns khumi mpaka khumi zimatha kutsekereza fumbi mpaka 1 µm. Kupititsa patsogolo sedimentation zotsatira za sieve, m'pofunika kuchepetsa pore kukula kwa zinthu zosefera, ndiko kuti, kuchepetsa fiber fineness ndikuwonjezera kachulukidwe kazinthuzo.
Zida zopanda nsalu zosungunuka zili ndi ubwino wa ulusi wabwino, ma pores ambiri, ndi kukula kwa pore.

ntchito:
Kusefera gasi: masks azachipatala, zida zosefera zama air conditioners amkati.
Kusefera kwamadzi: kusefa kwa chakumwa, kusefera kwamadzi.
Kupititsa patsogolo zosefera, ulusi wa ulusi ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndipo kachulukidwe kazinthu zosefera zitha kuchulukidwa, koma zipangitsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pakukana kusefa.
Choncho, lolani zinthu zosungunula zopanda nsalu ziziyimbidwa mothandizidwa ndi electrostatically, ndipo zotsatira zake zosefera zimatha kupitilizidwa ndi mphamvu ya electrostatic, ndiko kuti, chithandizo cha electret.
Nsalu yopangidwa ndi electret-treated meltblown non-woluck imakhala ndi magetsi osasunthika okhalitsa ndipo imatha kudalira mphamvu ya electrostatic kuti igwire fumbi labwino, motero ili ndi ubwino wa kusefera kwakukulu komanso kukana kusefera kochepa.
Polypropylene imakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi (7 × 1010Ω · cm) komanso mphamvu yayikulu yojambulira. Ndi chinthu choyenera kupanga ulusi wa electret. Kuyesera kumasonyeza kuti pambuyo pa maola a 1440 osungira electret-finished polypropylene meltblown non-woluck nsalu mu chikhalidwe chachilengedwe, kusefa bwino sikusintha.
Mphamvu ya kumaliza kwa electret pa kusefera bwino komanso kukana kwa nsalu zopanda nsalu zosungunuka

Mphamvu ya kumaliza kwa electret pa kusefera bwino komanso kukana kwa nsalu zosungunula zosalukidwa

Zitha kuwoneka kuti kukana kusefedwa kwa nsalu yopanda nsalu sikunasinthe pambuyo pa kumaliza kwa electret, koma kusefera kwabwinoko kwasinthidwa kwambiri, zomwe sizingafanane ndi nsalu zina zopanda nsalu.

2. Zida zamankhwala ndi zaumoyo
Chigoba chachipatala: chinthu chophatikizika (SMS) chopangidwa ndi zinthu zopota zamkati ndi zakunja, ndi zinthu zosungunuka pakati.

3. Zida zoteteza chilengedwe (zida zoyamwa mafuta)
Nsalu yosungunuka ya polypropylene yosalukidwa ndi yabwino kuyamwa mafuta chifukwa cha zinthu zake komanso kapangidwe ka microfiber. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayiko otukuka monga Europe, America, Japan, ndi zina zotero, monga kutayira kwa mafuta a m'nyanja, kutayika kwa mafuta kuchokera ku zipangizo za fakitale, ndi kuyeretsa zimbudzi.
Nsalu ya polypropylene meltblown yopanda nsalu imakhala ndi hydrophobic ndi lipophilic properties, imagonjetsedwa ndi asidi amphamvu ndi alkalis, ndipo imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kuposa madzi. Mafuta akayamwa, amatha kuyandama pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kupindika ndipo amatha kubwezeretsedwanso ndikusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Nsalu za polypropylene zosungunuka zopanda nsalu zimapangidwa kukhala zingwe zotsekemera mafuta, maunyolo otsekemera mafuta, mapilo otsekemera mafuta, ndi zina zotero. Mafuta amatha kufika nthawi 10-50 kulemera kwake.

4. Zida zobvala (zosungira kutentha)
Zida zotchinjiriza zotenthetsera ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zabwino zotchinjiriza kutentha ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali osasintha mawonekedwe awo.
Zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe a fiber mesh ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a kutentha kwa zinthu zotenthetsera.
Pazinthu zosungunulira zotenthetsera zotenthetsera, makulidwe ake amakhala ndi mphamvu pang'ono pakutha kwa mpweya, pomwe mpweya wa polyester fiber flakes umachulukirachulukira pomwe makulidwe ake amachepa. Chifukwa chake, chophatikiza chosungunuka chosungunuka chamafuta chimakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa mphepo.

5. Cholekanitsa batri
Zinthu za diaphragm ndizofunikira kwambiri pa batri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pakati pa mbale zabwino ndi zoipa. Ntchito yayikulu ndikuyika mbale zabwino ndi zoyipa kuti zitsimikizire kuyenda kwa dielectric.
Zinthu za polypropylene zili ndi asidi wabwino kwambiri komanso kukana kwa alkali. Polypropylene meltblown diaphragm zinthu zili ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono pore kukula, porosity yayikulu, kukana pang'ono, ndi kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwazinthu.