Ka taea te whakaiti, te whakanui rānei i te kiato, te pakeke, me te kanapa o te kirihou mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tika hei whakaiti, hei whakanui rānei i te kiato tīmatanga o te kirihou, hei whakanui i te pakeke, hei whakanui rānei i te ngāwari, me te whakarerekē i te kanapa kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā whakamahinga rerekē.

1. Me pēhea te whakaiti i te matotoru o te kirihou?
Ko te whakaiti i te mātotoru kirihou e pā ana ki te whakaiti i te mātotoru whanaunga tuatahi o te kirihou mā roto i ngā tikanga tika hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā tono rerekē. E toru ngā tikanga hei whakaiti i te mātotoru o te kirihou: te whakarerekētanga huka, te tāpiri i ngā whakakī māmā, me te whakaranu i ngā kapia māmā.

1. Te whakarerekētanga pahuka
Ko te hanga pahuka o ngā hua kirihou te huarahi tino whai hua ki te whakaiti i tōna matotoru. Mā ngā tikanga whakarerekētanga e rua, arā, te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa māmā me te whakaranu i ngā kapia māmā, ka taea noa te whakaiti i te matotoru, ā, ko te hekenga he tata ki te 50%. Ko te matotoru whanaunga iti rawa ka taea anake te eke ki te 0.5. Ka taea e te matotoru o ngā hua pahuka kirihou te rerekē, ā, ka taea e te matotoru whanaunga te heke ki te 10-3. I tēnei wā, ko ā mātou hua pahuka PVC o ia rā ko te papa pahuka PVC, te kapu hu pahuka PVC, te ngongo pahuka PVC, te kōtaha pahuka PVC, ngā hua pahuka kirihou rakau PVC (pane tatau neke, rārangi tatau, pane pakitara, me ētahi atu), whāriki papa PVC makawe Soak me ētahi atu.
2. Tāpirihia he whakakī mārama
Pērā i te PE, PP, CPE, ABS, MBS, pērā i te paraoa rakau, ngā pirepire karāhe tuwhera, me ētahi atu; pērā i te hanganga moroiti o ngā whakakī pirepire moroiti, mā tēnei tikanga ka iti te whakahekenga o te mātotoru. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te heke te mātotoru whanaunga iti ki te 0.4-0.5. Ko te mātotoru whanaunga o ngā whakakī he nui ake i te kirihou, ā, ko ngā momo whakakī e whai ake nei he iti ake te mātotoru whanaunga i te kirihou. Ko te whakakī pai ake ko te uku kua whakakāhia, he iti ake te taumaha motuhake i te paura konupūmā. Kāore i te tino rerekē te utu mai i te konupūmā māmā, ā, he rite te uara mimiti hinu ki te paura konupūmā.

1) Ngā Pīra
● Ko te mātotoru whanaunga o ngā porowhita iti karāhe tuwhera (ngā pīrere e mānu ana) he 0.4-0.7, e whakamahia ana mō ngā kapia whakamahana;
● Ko te matotoru whanaunga o ngā porowhita moroiti phenolic he 0.1.

2) Ngā whakakī rauropi
● Ko te matotoru whanaunga o te paura kōkī he 0.5, ā, ko te matotoru kitea he 0.05—0.06;
● Ko te matotoru whanaunga o te puehu muka me te puehu miro he 0.2-0.3;
● Ngā hua parāoa hua pērā i te paura kakau raihi, te paura pīnati, me te paura parāoa kokonati.
● Pērā i ngā mea whakapūkara, ngā hinu whakahinuhinu wai o roto, o waho hoki, me ētahi atu, ko te mātotoru o te polyvinyl chloride parakore he 1.4g/cm3, ā, ko te polyvinyl chloride kua whakapūkara (kei roto tata ki te 40% te mea whakapūkara) he 1.19~1.35;

3. Te whakaranu i ngā rauemi māmā
Tāpirihia ngā ranunga kirihou iti-kiato, pērā i te PE, PP, CPE, ABS, MBS; he momo whakakī māmā anō hoki: te paraoa rakau, ko te muka pai o te rakau, he tino māmā. Engari he herenga anō kei reira, e ai ki tō whakamahinga o ngā tikanga rerekē.

2. Me pēhea te whakanui ake i te matotoru o ngā kirihou?
Ko te whakanui ake i te mātotoru o te kirihou he huarahi hei whakanui ake i te mātotoru whanaunga o te kapia taketake, mā te tāpiri i ngā whakakī taumaha me te whakaranu i ngā kapia taumaha.

1. Tāpirihia he whakakī matotoru
● Paura whakarewa
● Whakakī kohuke taumaha
2. Te whakaranu i te kapia taumaha
He iti noa te whakapainga o tēnei tikanga, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka eke ki te 50% anake i te taumata teitei. He pai mō ētahi kapia māmā pēnei i te PE, PP, PS, EVA, PA1010, me te PPO, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā kapia taumaha e tāpirihia ana ko te PTFE, FEP, PPS, me te POM, me ētahi atu.

3. Me pēhea te whakarerekē i te mārō o te kirihou?
1. Te ariā me te whakaaturanga o te mārō
Ko te pakeke e pā ana ki te kaha o tētahi rauemi ki te ātete i te pēhanga o ētahi atu mea matatini ki tōna mata.
Ko te uara pakeke he whakaata tauanga ā-tikanga e whakaatu ana i te pakeketanga o te rauemi. Ehara i te mea he rahinga ā-tinana parakore, ā-pūmau hoki. Ko te rahi o te uara pakeke ehara i te mea ka whakawhirinaki ki te rauemi tonu engari ka whakawhirinaki hoki ki ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau me ngā tikanga ine. Mēnā he rerekē ngā tikanga ine pakeke, kāore te uara pakeke e inehia ana mō te rauemi kotahi e ōrite. Nō reira, hei whakataurite i te pakeketanga i waenga i ngā rauemi, me whakamahi te uara pakeketanga o te tikanga ine kotahi hei whakataurite.

He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaatu i te pakeketanga:
● Te mārō o te takutai
● Te mārō o Rockwell
● Te pakeketanga o te Mohs

2. Mā te whakaranu ka whakapai ake i te pakeke o ngā kirihou
Ko te tikanga whakapai ake i te whakaranu kirihou ko te whakaranu i te kapia pakeke-tiketike me te kapia pakeke-iti hei whakanui ake i tōna pakeketanga whānui. Ko ngā kapia whakaranu paerewa ko te PS, PMMA, ABS, me te MF, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā kapia e hiahia ana kia whakarerekētia ko te PE, PA, PTFE, me te PP.
3. Pūhui hei whakapai ake i te pakeketanga o te kirihou
Ko te tikanga o te whakaranu kirihou hei whakapai ake i te pakeketanga ko te whakaranu i tētahi paparanga kapia pakeke-teitei ki runga i ngā mata o ngā hua kirihou pakeke-iti. He pai tēnei tikanga mō te whakaputa hua pēnei i ngā pereti, ngā rau, ngā kiriata, me ngā paipa. Ko ngā kapia hiato e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te PS, PMMA, ABS, me te MF.
4. Te whakapai ake i te pakeke o te mata o ngā kirihou
Ko te whakapai ake i te pakeketanga o waho o te hua kirihou anake te tikanga o tēnei tikanga, engari kāore e rerekē te pakeketanga o roto. He tikanga whakapai ake i te pakeketanga, he iti te utu.
Ko te tikanga whakarerekētanga tēnei e whakamahia ana mō ngā whare, ngā rauemi whakapaipai, ngā rauemi whatu, me ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā. E toru ngā tikanga o tēnei tikanga whakarerekētanga: te paninga, te whakakikorua, me te maimoatanga mata.

4. Me pēhea te whakapai ake i te ngāwari o ngā kirihou?
I roto i te hinengaro, ko te ngāwari o te kirihou e pā ana ki te ngawari o ngā hua kirihou. Arā, ko te ngawari o te hua kirihou, ko te pai ake o tōna ngāwari. I roto i te ahupūngao pūmua, ko te ngāwari te āhuatanga o ngā mekameka pūmua ka taea te whakarerekē i ō rātou ōritetanga. Ko te ngāwari o te kirihou e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga mekameka ngota o tōna pūmua.

1. Tāpirihia he mea hanga kirihou
Ko te mea hanga kirihou e pā ana ki tētahi momo matū ka taea te whakapai ake i te kirihou o ngā pūmua. E whakamahia ana mō te kapia PVC. Ko te nui o te mea hanga kirihou i roto i te PVC ka taea te neke atu i te 98% o te nui katoa o te mea hanga kirihou. Haunga te PVC, ka whakamahia hoki ngā mea hanga kirihou i roto i ngā pūmua pērā i te PVDC, CPE, SBS, polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose, PA, ABS, me te PVA.
2. Ko ngā mahi matua a ngā mea hanga kirihou koia ēnei:
● Whakaitihia te pāmahana rewa me te matotoru rewa o te pūhui, kia whakaitihia ai tōna pāmahana tukatuka whakapūkara.
● Hangaia ngā hua pūmua he ngawari, he ngāwari, he ātete hoki ki te pāmahana iti.

3. Ko te tikanga mahi motuhake a te plasticizer penei:
● Pānga rōrahi
● Pānga ārai

5. Whakapai ake i te kanapa kirihou
E rua ngā huarahi hei whakapai ake i te kanapa o ngā kirihou. Ko tētahi ko te whakapai ake i te kanapa o te mata o ngā hua kirihou, e kiia nei ko te whakarerekētanga kanapa; ko tētahi ko te whakaiti i te kanapa o te mata o ngā hua kirihou, e kiia nei ko te whakarerekētanga whāriki.
Ko te whakamārama i ngā kirihou he whakapai ake i te kanapa o te mata, i te mutunga rānei o ngā hua kirihou. Haunga te whiriwhiri rauemi mata e tika ana, ko ngā tikanga motuhake ko te tāpiri i te tikanga whakamārama, te whakaranu i te tikanga whakamārama, te tikanga whakamārama whakahaere āhua, te whakahaere maeneene o ngā taputapu hanga, e rua ngā tikanga whakarei kanapa tukatuka-iti, me te tikanga whakarei kanapa paninga mata, me ētahi atu.

Ko te tikanga whakakanapa o te kirihou te mea nui e whai ake nei:
1. Te Kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi mata kirihou
Ko te whiriwhiri tika i ngā rauemi mata kirihou te mea tino nui hei whakapai ake i te āhua o te mata o ngā hua kirihou. Mēnā ka whiriwhiria pai ngā rauemi mata, ka māmā noa te whakapai ake i te kanapa; ki te kore, ka uaua ake.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi mata kirihou kia rua ngā wāhanga: ngā kapia me ngā tāpiringa.
2. Ko te whiriwhiri o te kapia
He nui ake te pānga o ngā āhuatanga o te kapia ki te kanapa o te mata o ngā hua kirihou, ā, koinei te huarahi tino whai hua ki te whakahaere i te kanapa o te mata o ngā hua kirihou. Ko tōna pānga ki te kanapa o te mata o ngā hua kirihou e pā ana, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ēnei āhuatanga:

1) Ngā momo kapia
He rerekē te kanapa o ngā hua e pā ana ki ngā momo kapia rerekē. Ko te tikanga, he pai ake te kanapa o ngā hua e pā ana ki ngā kapia e whai ake nei: te kapia melamine, ABS, PP, HIPS, PE, POM, PMMA, me PPO, me ētahi atu, ā, ko ngā momo kapia melamine me ABS ngā mea tino kanapa.
Mō te kapia kotahi, he rerekē te tikanga hanga, ā, he rerekē anō hoki te kanapa o te kapia e rite ana ki te hua. Hei tauira:
● Mō te PP, ko te kanapa o ngā momo rerekē i hangaia mā ētahi atu tikanga polymerization e whai ake nei: PP-R>homopolymer PP>block copolymer PP.
● Mō te PE, ko te whakakanapa o ngā momo rerekē e toru e whai ake nei: LDPE>LLDPE>HDPE
● Mō te PVC, he nui ake te kanapa o te kapia PVC whakaemulsion i te kapia PVC whakatārewatanga.
● Mō te kapia PS, he nui ake te kanapa o te polystyrene pānga-teitei (HIPS) i te polystyrene whānui-mahi (GPPS)

2) Ngā āhuatanga o te kapia
He rerekē ngā āhuatanga motuhake, ā, he rerekē anō hoki te kanapa. I roto i ngā āhuatanga o te kapia, ko ngā mea e pā ana ki te kanapa.
● Ko te tikanga, ko te nui ake o te tere rere rewa (MFR), ko te nui ake o te kanapa o te hua e pā ana.
● Ko te awe o te taumaha ngota ngota e whakaatahia ana i te whānui o te tohatoha taumaha ngota ngota. Ka whānui ake te tohatoha taumaha ngota ngota, ka iti ake te kanapa o ngā hua e pā ana. Nā te mea he whānui te tohatoha taumaha ngota ngota, ā, kua piki ake te koretake o te rauemi.
● Te awe o te mimiti wai He nui ake te pānga o te kapia mimiti wai ki te kanapa o ngā hua e pā ana. Hei tauira, ko te PA, PI, PSF, me te PC kei roto te rōpū ester (-COOR) me te rōpū galantamine (-CONH2) i roto i te ngota ngota, ki te kore e maroke, ki te kore rānei e maroke rawa, ka puta he ripo wai, he mirumiru, me ngā waea hiriwa ki te mata o te hua. , ngā tohu, ngā koha, me ētahi atu, kia tino heke ai te kanapa o te mata.

3. Te kōwhiringa o ngā tāpiringa
I roto i ngā tāpiringa kirihou katoa, ko ngā whakakī te mea tino pānga ki te kanapa, ā, muri iho ko ngā mea whakapūmau kirihou, ngā mea whakau, me ngā mea ārai mura, engari he iti noa te pānga. Ka taea te wehewehe i te awe o ngā whakakī ki te kanapa ki ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:

1) Momo whakakī
He rerekē ngā pānga o ngā whakakī ki te kanapa. Haunga ngā piripiri karāhe, ka whakaitihia e te nuinga o ngā whakakī te kanapa o ngā hua kua whakakīia, engari he nui ake te hekenga.
Ko te awe o ētahi whakakī ki te kanapa o ngā hua kua whakakīia penei: tote whakarewa> muka karāhe2) Te āhua o te whakakī
He pānga anō ō ngā āhua moroiti rerekē o ngā matūriki whakakī ki te kanapa o ngā hua kua whakakīia. Ko te raupapa o te rahi o te pānga he porowhita. 3) Te rahi o te matūriki o te whakakī
Ko te iti o te rahi o te matūriki o te whakakī, ko te iti o te hekenga o te kanapa o te hua whakakī. Waihoki, he rerekē te whānui o te tohatoha o te rahi o te matūriki whakakī, ā, he rerekē anō hoki te pānga ki te kanapa o te hua kua whakakīia. Ko te ture awe, ko te whānui ake o te tohatoha o te rahi o te matūriki whakakī, ko te iti ake o te kanapa o te mata o te hua kua tukuna. Ko te take nui o tēnei, nā te mea he nui ake te whānuitanga o te rahi o te matūriki o te whakakī, he kore taurite te mata o te hua kua whakakīia, ko te tūponotanga ka puta he whakaata horapa mai i te māramatanga.
4) Te nui o te whakakī o te whakakī
Ka piki ake te whakakī o te whakakī, ā, ka heke te kanapa o te mata o te hua kua whakakīia. Hei tauira, ko te pūnaha PP e tukuna ana e CaCO3, ina 5% te nui o te whakakī CaCO3, ka 50% te kanapa o te mata o te hua e tukuna ana. Ina 15% te nui o te whakakī CaCO3, ka heke te kanapa o te whakakī ki te 32%.