Qhov ceev, qhov tawv, thiab qhov ci ntawm cov yas tuaj yeem txo lossis nce ntxiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog los txo lossis nce qhov ceev ntawm cov yas, ua kom qhov tawv lossis ua kom qhov yooj ywm, thiab hloov qhov ci kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev siv.

1. Yuav ua li cas thiaj txo tau qhov ceev ntawm cov yas?
Kev txo qhov ceev ntawm cov yas txhais tau tias yog kev txo qhov ceev ntawm cov yas los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev siv. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev los txo qhov ceev ntawm cov yas: kev hloov pauv ua npuas dej, ntxiv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, thiab sib xyaw cov resins sib dua.

1. Kev hloov pauv ua npuas dej
Kev ua npuas ncauj molding ntawm cov khoom yas yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txo nws qhov ceev. Ob txoj kev hloov kho ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom siv sib dua thiab kev sib xyaw cov resins sib dua tsuas yog txo qhov ceev me ntsis xwb, thiab feem ntau tsuas yog txo qis li 50%. Qhov ceev qis tshaj plaws tsuas yog ncav cuag li 0.5. Qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj yas tuaj yeem sib txawv ntau, thiab qhov ceev sib piv tuaj yeem qis txog 10-3. Tam sim no, peb cov khoom ua npuas ncauj PVC txhua hnub suav nrog PVC ua npuas ncauj board, PVC ua npuas ncauj khau hauv qab, PVC ua npuas ncauj raj, PVC ua npuas ncauj profile, PVC ntoo yas ua npuas ncauj khoom (txav qhov rooj vaj huam sib luag, kab qhov rooj, phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag, thiab lwm yam), PVC plaub hau Soak pem teb lev thiab lwm yam.
2. Ntxiv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke
Xws li PE, PP, CPE, ABS, MBS, xws li hmoov ntoo, cov iav khoob, thiab lwm yam; xws li cov qauv ntawm cov microbead fillers, txoj kev no ua rau qhov kev txo qis me me. Feem ntau, qhov ceev qis tshaj plaws tuaj yeem txo qis mus txog li 0.4-0.5. Qhov ceev ntawm cov fillers feem ntau siab dua li cov yas, thiab tsuas muaj cov hom khoom ntim hauv qab no nrog qhov ceev qis dua li cov yas. Qhov sau zoo dua yog av nplaum calcined, uas muaj qhov hnyav tshwj xeeb me dua li cov hmoov calcium. Tus nqi tsis txawv ntau ntawm cov calcium sib dua, thiab tus nqi nqus roj sib npaug rau cov hmoov calcium.

1) Cov hlaws dai
● Qhov ceev ntawm cov iav hollow microspheres (floating beads) yog 0.4-0.7, feem ntau yog siv rau thermosetting resins;
● Qhov ceev ntawm cov phenolic microbeads yog 0.1.

2) Cov khoom siv organic
● Qhov ceev ntawm cov hmoov cork yog 0.5, thiab qhov viscosity pom tseeb yog 0.05—0.06;
● Qhov ceev ntawm cov hmoov av fiber thiab cov hmoov av paj rwb yog 0.2-0.3;
● Cov qoob loo txiv hmab txiv ntoo xws li hmoov nplej, hmoov txiv laum huab xeeb, thiab hmoov txiv maj phaub.
● Xws li cov plasticizers, cov kua roj sab hauv thiab sab nraud, thiab lwm yam, qhov ceev ntawm cov polyvinyl chloride ntshiab yog 1.4g/cm3, thiab cov yas polyvinyl chloride (muaj kwv yees li 40% plasticizer) yog 1.19~1.35;

3. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv sib dua
Ntxiv cov yas sib xyaw uas tsis muaj zog, xws li PE, PP, CPE, ABS, MBS; kuj tseem muaj ib hom khoom siv sib xyaw uas sib dua: hmoov ntoo, uas yog cov fiber zoo ntawm cov ntoo, uas sib dua heev. Tab sis muaj qee qhov kev txwv, raws li koj siv ntau txoj kev sib txawv.

2. Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua rau cov yas ntom ntom dua?
Kev ua kom cov yas ceev dua yog ib txoj hauv kev los ua kom qhov ceev ntawm cov resin qub nce ntxiv, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom hnyav thiab sib xyaw cov resins hnyav.

1. Ntxiv cov khoom siv hnyav
● Hmoov hlau
● Cov khoom siv ua kom muaj cov minerals hnyav
2. Sib xyaw cov resin hnyav
Txoj kev no muaj kev txhim kho me me thiab feem ntau tsuas yog ncav cuag li 50% ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau qee cov resins sib dua xws li PE, PP, PS, EVA, PA1010, thiab PPO, thiab lwm yam. Cov resins hnyav feem ntau ntxiv yog PTFE, FEP, PPS, thiab POM, thiab lwm yam.

3. Yuav ua li cas hloov qhov nyuaj ntawm cov yas?
1. Lub tswv yim thiab kev sawv cev ntawm qhov nyuaj
Qhov nyuaj yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv taus lwm yam khoom nyuaj dua nias rau hauv nws qhov chaw.
Tus nqi hardness yog qhov kev xav txog ntau yam uas piav qhia txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws tsis yog qhov ntshiab thiab meej ntawm lub cev. Qhov loj ntawm tus nqi hardness tsis yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv nws tus kheej xwb tab sis kuj nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej xeem thiab cov txheej txheem ntsuas. Nrog rau ntau txoj kev ntsuas hardness, tus nqi hardness ntsuas rau tib yam khoom siv tsis zoo ib yam. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau sib piv qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv, tib txoj kev ntsuas hardness tus nqi hardness yuav tsum tau siv rau kev sib piv.

Muaj ntau txoj kev siv los qhia qhov nyuaj:
● Qhov nyuaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv
● Kev nyuaj Rockwell
● Mohs hardness

2. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ua rau cov yas tawv dua
Txoj kev txhim kho kev sib xyaw yas yog kev sib xyaw cov resin uas muaj zog heev nrog cov resin uas tsis muaj zog heev kom ua rau nws qhov nyuaj tag nrho. Cov resin sib xyaw txheem yog PS, PMMA, ABS, thiab MF, thiab lwm yam. Cov resin uas xav tau kev hloov kho feem ntau yog PE, PA, PTFE, thiab PP.
3. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm cov yas
Txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke yas kom txhim kho qhov tawv yog sib xyaw ib txheej ntawm cov resin uas muaj zog siab rau ntawm cov khoom yas uas tsis muaj zog. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv rau kev rho tawm cov khoom xws li phaj, ntawv, zaj duab xis, thiab yeeb nkab. Cov resins sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau yog PS, PMMA, ABS, thiab MF.
4. Txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm cov yas
Txoj kev no tsuas yog hais txog kev txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm cov khoom yas sab nraud xwb, thaum qhov tawv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom tseem tsis hloov pauv. Qhov no yog txoj kev txhim kho qhov tawv uas pheej yig.
Txoj kev hloov kho no feem ntau yog siv rau cov vaj tse, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub. Txoj kev hloov kho no suav nrog peb txoj kev: txheej, plating, thiab kev kho qhov chaw.

4. Yuav ua li cas thiaj txhim kho qhov yooj ywm ntawm cov yas?
Hais lus intuitively, yas qhov yooj ywm txhais tau tias qhov mos ntawm cov khoom yas. Uas yog, qhov mos dua cov khoom yas, qhov zoo dua nws qhov yooj ywm. Hauv polymer physics, qhov yooj ywm txhais tau tias yog cov khoom ntawm cov saw polymer uas tuaj yeem hloov lawv qhov sib xws. Qhov yooj ywm ntawm cov yas nyob ntawm cov qauv molecular saw ntawm nws cov polymer.

1. Ntxiv cov tshuaj yas
Plasticizer yog ib hom tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov plasticity ntawm cov polymers. Nws feem ntau siv rau PVC resin. Tus nqi ntawm plasticizer hauv PVC tuaj yeem suav txog ntau dua 98% ntawm tag nrho cov plasticizer. Ntxiv rau PVC, plasticizers kuj siv rau hauv cov polymers xws li PVDC, CPE, SBS, polyvinyl acetate, nitrocellulose, PA, ABS, thiab PVA.
2. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas yas yog raws li nram no:
● Txo qhov kub yaj thiab qhov viscosity ntawm cov polymer, yog li ntawd txo nws cov kub ua molding.
● Ua cov khoom polymer uas muaj qhov mos mos, elasticity, thiab tsis kub dhau.

3. Lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm cov yas yas yog raws li nram no:
● Cov nyhuv ntawm ntim
● Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv

5. Txhim kho cov yas ci ntsa iab
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txhim kho qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov yas. Ib qho yog txhim kho qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom yas, uas hu ua kev hloov kho kom ci ntsa iab; qhov thib ob yog txo qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom yas, hu ua kev hloov kho matting.
Kev ua kom cov yas ci ntsa iab txhais tau tias kev txhim kho qhov ci ntsa iab lossis qhov tiav ntawm cov khoom yas. Ntxiv rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw kom zoo, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb suav nrog kev ntxiv txoj kev ua kom ci ntsa iab, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txoj kev ua kom ci ntsa iab, kev tswj cov duab kom ci ntsa iab, kev tswj cov khoom siv pwm kom du, ob txoj kev ua kom ci ntsa iab ntxiv rau hauv qab, thiab txoj kev ua kom ci ntsa iab ntawm cov txheej txheem saum npoo, thiab lwm yam.

Cov hauv qab no feem ntau qhia txog txoj kev ci ntsa iab ntawm cov yas:
1. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv yas raw
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv yas kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los txhim kho qhov tiav ntawm cov khoom yas. Yog tias cov khoom siv raw raug xaiv zoo, nws yooj yim los txhim kho qhov ci ntsa iab; txwv tsis pub, nws yuav nyuaj dua.
Cov khoom siv yas raw tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: cov resins thiab cov additives.
2. Kev xaiv ntawm resin
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov resin muaj feem cuam tshuam loj dua rau qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom yas, thiab nws yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tswj qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom yas. Nws cov kev cuam tshuam rau qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom yas cuam tshuam feem ntau nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:

1) Ntau yam khoom siv
Qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ntawm ntau hom resin sib txawv heev. Feem ntau nws xav tias qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom sib txuas hauv qab no zoo dua: melamine resin, ABS, PP, HIPS, PE, POM, PMMA, thiab PPO, thiab lwm yam., Ntawm cov melamine resin thiab ABS ob hom ci ntsa iab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Rau tib lub resin, txoj kev tsim cov khoom sib txawv, thiab qhov ci ntawm cov resin sib raug rau cov khoom kuj ntxiv. Piv txwv li:
● Rau PP, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm ntau hom sib txawv uas tau tsim los ntawm lwm txoj kev polymerization yog raws li nram no: PP-R>homopolymer PP>block copolymer PP.
● Rau PE, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm peb hom sib txawv yog raws li nram no: LDPE>LLDPE>HDPE
● Rau PVC, emulsion PVC resin muaj qhov ci ntsa iab dua li suspension PVC resin.
● Rau PS resin, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) yog ntau dua li ntawm general-purpose polystyrene (GPPS)

2) Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj resin
Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb txawv, thiab qhov ci ntsa iab kuj yog lwm yam. Ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov resin, cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ci ntsa iab.
● Feem ntau, qhov ntau dua ntawm qhov yaj ntws (MFR), qhov ntau dua qhov ci ntawm cov khoom cuam tshuam.
● Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov hnyav molecular feem ntau pom tseeb hauv qhov dav ntawm kev faib tawm qhov hnyav molecular. Qhov dav dua qhov kev faib tawm qhov hnyav molecular, qhov ci ntawm cov khoom cuam tshuam qis dua. Qhov no yog vim tias qhov kev faib tawm qhov hnyav molecular yog qhov dav, thiab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom tau nce ntxiv.
● Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev nqus dej Cov resin uas nqus dej ntau muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj dua rau nws cov khoom lag luam 'gloss. Piv txwv li, PA, PI, PSF, thiab PC nrog ester pawg (-COOR) thiab galantamine pawg (-CONH2) hauv lub molecule, yog tias nws tsis qhuav lossis qhuav tsis tiav, dej ripples, npuas, thiab cov xov hlau nyiaj yuav raug tsim tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. , Cov cim, cov kab tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam, yog li ntawd qhov gloss ntawm qhov chaw raug txo qis heev.

3. Kev xaiv cov khoom ntxiv
Ntawm txhua yam khoom siv yas ntxiv, cov khoom sau muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws rau qhov ci ntsa iab, ua raws li cov khoom siv yas, cov khoom ruaj khov, thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam me me. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom sau rau qhov ci ntsa iab tuaj yeem faib ua cov hauv qab no:

1) Hom khoom siv sau
Cov khoom sib txawv muaj cov teebmeem sib txawv rau qhov ci ntsa iab. Tsuas yog cov iav me me xwb, yuav luag txhua yam khoom sib txawv yuav txo qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom uas tau ntim lawm, tab sis qhov poob qis yog ntxiv.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntau cov khoom sau rau ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom sau yog raws li nram no: ntsev hlau> iav fiber2) Cov duab ntawm cov khoom sau
Cov duab me me sib txawv ntawm cov khoom me me muaj lwm yam teebmeem rau qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom ntim. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov cuam tshuam yog spherical 3) Qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom siv filler
Qhov me dua qhov loj ntawm cov khoom sau, qhov me dua qhov txo qis ntawm cov khoom sau qhov ci. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov dav ntawm cov khoom sau qhov loj ntawm cov khoom sau sib txawv, thiab qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov ci ntawm cov khoom sau kuj sib txawv. Txoj cai cuam tshuam yog qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom sau ntau dua, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom muab qis dua. Qhov no yog vim tias qhov loj ntawm cov khoom sau ntau dua, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom sau nto, qhov muaj feem ntau dua uas lub teeb pom kev tuaj yeem tsim kev cuam tshuam diffuse.
4) Kev sau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sau
Qhov kev sau ntawm cov khoom sau ntxiv zuj zus thiab qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom sau txo qis. Piv txwv li, siv CaCO3 PP system ua piv txwv, thaum cov CaCO3 sau yog 5%, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom muab yog 50%. Thaum cov CaCO3 sau yog 15%, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom sau poob rau 32%.